The RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Certificate of Competence

The RYA (Royal Yachting Association) offers various practical and theoretical courses with different levels of competence.
It’s not my goal to list them all in this article: we will look at what the Yachtmaster Offshore is and how to obtain it in the simplest way.

The RYA Yachtmaster Offshore certifies the captain’s competence for navigation up to 150 nautical miles from a safe haven with a vessel of maximum 24 meters LOA and 200gt.

To obtain it, you need to meet the following prerequisites:

Age: minimum 18 years old
Radio certificate: Short Range Certificate or higher
First aid certificate: RYA First Aid Certificate, STCW First Aid or some international certificates
Minimum sea experience: you need to document the time spent at sea (in our case on a sailboat) in the last 10 years. This must include:

• 50 days at sea on yachts up to 500gt
• 5 days as skipper on vessels up to 24m LOA
• 2500 nautical miles on yachts up to 500gt, of which half on vessels of maximum 24m LOA
• 5 passages over 60 nautical miles, of which 2 overnight and 2 as skipper
• At least half of the time spent at sea must be in tidal waters

The Preparation

A premise: although the RYA offers courses and a training path to be ready for the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore exam, there is no obligation to attend them and you can register as a private candidate and even with your own boat.

But let’s start from my situation, which I think is very similar to most of those who are considering taking this path.

I decide to obtain the certificate after 8 years of having the Swiss unlimited offshore license and after having sailed more than 20,000 nautical miles around the world as Captain or First Mate. My biggest fear is not being able to pass the exam due to the language: the exam is indeed conducted strictly in English and you must be able to give orders and communicate with your crew. I know a bit of English, but I lack the sailing terms.

Normally, if there is no language problem and you have experience similar to mine, it is possible to obtain the certificate by taking the 5-day preparation course. In my case, I asked to add another 5 days to practice with the language and command in English. And in the end, it was the right choice: in 10 days I managed to memorize those important words to manage the crew in English.
It should be noted that the examiner is not there to judge language skills, but rather sailing knowledge, mastery, conduct, and crew management on board.

Some Useful Study Materials

Apart from the practical handling of a vessel, there are purely theoretical subjects that one cannot escape and must dedicate time to study. Among these, in my opinion, the most challenging to study are the COLREGs. There’s no way around it: whether in practical situations or oral questions, the COLREGs must be known by heart. It is therefore important to study with material that is easy to understand and comprehensive: for this reason, I strongly recommend using the book “A Seaman’s Guide to the Rule of the Road“.Unfortunately, anything contained in this book can be a source of questions: needless to say, one must know the subject from the first to the last page, including the “appendices”.

Another study aid, to be taken as a game perhaps when on the boat or at the bar with other friends who are studying together, are these cards.They can be purchased directly from the manufacturer www.flipcards.co.ukFinally, an interesting and compact book, useful for studying, but also as a pocket “manual” to keep on board is the “Reeds Skipper’s handbook for sail and power“.

How the Yachtmaster Offshore Exam is Conducted

The exam involves at least 8 hours for each candidate, during which practical exercises will be carried out (both during the day and at night), as well as a theoretical part with questions on meteorology, COLREGs, the engine, safety equipment, and safety measures.During the 5 days of preparation, you will also be given the task of planning a passage with tides and currents, which must be documented and presented to the examiner.

Returning to the practical part, this includes:

• Normal sailing navigation, during the day and at night
• Blind navigation (under motor) with only the aid of a nautical chart, depth sounder, Breton plotter, clock, and a calculator. The helmsman can be given speed to maintain and course.
• Man overboard and recovery. If not specified, you can choose whether to do it under sail or motor.
• Interpretation of lights and day signals, right of way, practical application of COLREGs
• Night navigation with exercise to pick up a buoy (if not specified otherwise, also under motor)
• Entering and leaving port, mooring and unmooring
• Preparation and instruction of your own crew

Some important points:

• You cannot ask the examiner for confirmation or opinions on actions you want to take
• You cannot ask them to participate in maneuvers on board
• The examiner is English and typically loves tea and biscuits, so remember to ask those present who would like something to drink. This is also part of the captain’s duties: always having a fit, relaxed, and efficient crew.
• The examiner wants to see a captain who is decisive and confident in their actions. There is no room for hesitation or insecurity.
• The examiner wants to see that you prepare a navigation plan, which will be used for navigation in the cockpit. Continuously going down to the chart table will be penalizing.
• In the navigation plan, include the conspicuous points that will be useful for taking bearings during navigation.
• Normally during navigation, it is not possible to use the chartplotter and only nautical charts are used.

The “Commercial Endorsement”

The “commercial endorsement” is required to work on board vessels flying the English or Commonwealth flag subject to the “MCA’s codes of practice for small commercial vessels”.Note that on some vessels flying other flags, such as Italy and France, the Yachtmaster Offshore is not recognized as a professional qualification.

To apply for it, you need to submit:

• The original RYA Yachtmaster Offshore certificate
• The “Professional Practices and Responsibilities” certificate is a mandatory course for those applying for commercial endorsement and is conducted online. It explains the duties and responsibilities towards crew, passengers, and other vessels at sea, with all the related civil and criminal liabilities.
• The original “ENG1 medical fitness” or other recognized certificate (check on the RYA website)
• a copy of the “RYA Basic Sea Survival certificate” or “STCW Personal Survival Techniques”
  If you have completed the full STCW course, this will be listed on the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore certificate
• a copy of the recognized SRC certificate
• a passport-sized photo

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Last update: Mar 15, 2021 @ 15:45

L'articolo How to Obtain the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore proviene da Yamana - Sailing Life.

Welcome to the Cocos Islands

Australia’s last unspoiled paradise is located in the blue waters of the Indian Ocean and offers spectacular snorkeling, breathtaking diving, excellent fishing, and the adrenaline rush of kitesurfing. The deserted beaches are perfect for relaxation, but there are other activities to enjoy: visiting uninhabited islands by canoe, observing the magnificent birdlife, or taking the ferry to Home Island to discover the culture and traditions of the Cocos Malay people. Consisting of 27 islands, only two are inhabited. Let’s look at the three most well-known and visited islands.

West Island

This is the island where most tourists choose to stay and where the airport is located. You’ll find a selection of holiday homes, luxury bed and breakfasts, and resorts. West Island is also home to the Cocos supermarket, souvenir shop, visitor center, car rental center, water sports facilities, and a small selection of cafes and restaurants.

Home Island

It has approximately 500 inhabitants of Malaysian descent. When visiting the island, conservative dress is recommended to respect the residents’ religion.
There are some shops, a bar, and you can buy petrol and gas, but generally, the offerings are very limited.
We took advantage of the Saturday ferry and went straight to the grocery store to buy fresh items as Tony (the West Island baker) told us that supplies would arrive overnight and fresh items would sell out quickly. Ice is rare to find at the grocery store. However, we discovered that the mosque has its own ice machine and local people can get ice for $3 per bag. It’s self-service, with the key outside to enter the facility, and you can help yourself, leaving the money afterward.

Keep in mind that the only thing open on Saturday is the grocery store. We were lucky that there was an activity at the sailing yacht and we found food for lunch.

Direction Island

It’s a deserted island used by sailors. It remains close to the anchorage. The island has only a hut, a barbecue, a rainwater collection system, an emergency phone, and a Wi-Fi hotspot. The ferry to Home Island stops here once a week, on Saturdays.

We didn’t see any dangerous animals on the island. In the water, there are blacktip reef sharks, which are small and reach a maximum length of 1.6 meters. They are harmless as long as you don’t provoke them or feed them, and they swim away as soon as you enter the water.

Getting around the Cocos Islands

From Direction Island, there’s only a ferry on Saturdays.
The ferry from Direction Island to Home Island departs at 10:00, while from Home Island to Direction Island it departs at 15:00.

It’s recommended to write or call the tourism office to get updated schedules.
The cost is $2.50 per person/trip.

Between Home Island and West Island, there are several ferries running daily except Sundays, but there’s no connection with the one arriving from Direction Island on Saturdays, so if you want to go to West Island, the only way is to go to Home Island by dinghy.

Going to West Island by dinghy is very long, about 40 minutes with a 20 HP outboard. Also, keep in mind that the SE wind is quite strong in August and makes it difficult to move around by dinghy. It’s better to wait for a day when the trade winds calm down a bit.

Before departing with the dinghy to another island, it’s better to call the Border Force on VHF (channel 20) stating where you want to go and how long the crossing is expected to take. Once you arrive at your destination, call them again confirming your arrival. In case of engine failure, with 20-25 knots of SE wind, there’s a danger of drifting NW, leaving the atoll and getting lost at sea.

Time

The time here is UTC + 6:30.

Internet and Telecommunications

After 12-15 days of sailing, someone might need to connect to the Internet.
The island no longer has submarine cables, and all telecommunications go through satellite. The Community Resource Centre offers internet access via voucher or direct credit card payment once connected to one of the available hotspots.

These can be found at: Cocos Cottages, Cocos Beach Motel, Cocos Village Bungalows, Cocos Castaway, My Island Home, the Cocos Club, the Golf Donga, Maxi’s By The Sea, the Pondok and in the main hut on Direction Island.

The rates are as follows: be aware that it activates from the first login and even if you disconnect, the time continues. It’s also tied to the device you log in with. The same subscription works at all hotspots on this network present on the islands.

There’s no mobile network on Direction Island, but there’s a phone for free calls to all numbers on the islands.

Useful Numbers

Cocos Keeling Islands Visitor Centre
P: 9162 6790
E: info@cocoskeelingislands.com.au

Tony’s Bakery: makes good bread, you need to call the day before and then arrange to pick it up or ask if he comes to the island.
P: 9162 6616

Taxi boat: it’s not official, but the guy (Shia) is available
P: 916 27 525

Shell West Island: channel 20 VHF or phone 08 9162 6670

Arriving at Cocos Islands

You must announce your arrival between 96 hours and 90 days in advance.
This can be done using the following contacts:

• email yachtreport@homeaffairs.gov.au
• fax +61 2 6275 5078
• phone +61 2 6246 1325.

The Approach

When approaching the 12-mile limit, you need to call “Cocos Police” on VHF channel 20, announcing your arrival. If you don’t have an AIS transponder, the Border Force ship permanently stationed at the atoll entrance might call for verification. This doesn’t exclude the fact that you still need to call and announce your arrival to the police.

Be prepared to answer questions about position, anchorage ETA, number of people/weapons/animals on board and more. The police monitors channel 20 24/7, call every 30 minutes until you receive a response.

Arrival at Direction Island

Raise the Q flag. If arriving at night, it’s better to anchor outside and enter with daylight. It seems some charts don’t match with GPS: we didn’t notice any problems with the latest Navionics charts. Despite finding different versions online about entry and exit formalities, for us it was very simple. Just follow the instructions given via radio. We arrived on Friday and were told to go to the police on Home Island on Monday. However, on Saturday we met the police who already gave us entry forms to fill out for each person. So on Monday only the captain went with the usual documents and was able to arrange the exit for the following Friday. No one came aboard to check food.

A Bit of History about Cocos Islands

Discovered in 1609 by William Keeling and uninhabited until 1826, the Cocos Islands were administered by the United Kingdom between 1857 and 1955, when they were transferred from the Singapore colony to Australia and gained external territory status. However, the islands remained effectively under the control of the Clunies-Ross family who had established a settlement on the islands in 1827 and held power from 1831, with the family head becoming known as King of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands. In 1886, Queen Victoria had granted the family perpetual possession of the islands.

In 1974, a United Nations mission to the islands drew attention to the territory’s governance methods and raised concerns about the denial of fundamental freedoms to residents. The UN criticized the Australian government for not properly administering the islands. Consequently, in 1978 the Australian government purchased all island lands, except for the Clunies-Ross house, for $4.75 million. A second United Nations visit in 1980 reported positively on the reforms.

Although there was no pressure from the UN to hold a self-determination referendum due to recognition of the islands’ small size, the Australian government chose to proceed with a referendum.

The Battle of Cocos

On Direction Island, there was a cable and radio station, and it was a crucial point for connecting Australia with Europe. The Durban – Mauritius – Rodriguez Island – Cocos – Perth and Adelaide connection passed through here.

On the morning of November 9, 1914, the staff at Direction Island’s cable and radio station saw a warship approaching. Having previously received an alert about the German ship SMS Emden, the radio operator sent a message: “Strange warship approaching”. This was soon followed by “SOS! Emden is here!”. These messages were received by a passing troop convoy, and one of the escorts, HMAS Sydney, was sent at full speed toward Direction Island.

The captain of SMS Emden, Fredrich von Muller, sent ashore a team of fifty men and officers with instructions to destroy the equipment and cut the cables. The station staff was gathered and put under surveillance, while part of the German team set about destroying the instruments and trying to cut the cables. They only succeeded with the Perth cable but not with the one to South Africa.

While this operation was ongoing, the crew remaining aboard the Emden saw smoke on the horizon and assumed it was their collier Buresk. However, realizing the approaching ship was a warship, they recovered the anchor and signaled the shore party to return. Unable to reach the Emden, the shore party headed for Clunies Ross’s schooner “Ayesha”, anchored in the lagoon. They used Ayesha to sail to the Dutch East Indies, where they later boarded a German steamship that took them to Turkey. From Turkey, they traveled by land, reaching Germany seven months after leaving Cocos.

Today no construction remains on the island: everything was leveled and thrown into the sea (you can still see some concrete blocks on the northwest coast), while telecommunications are now done via satellite and there are no more cables on the atoll.

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Last update: Sep 13, 2019 @ 18:14

L'articolo Welcome to the Cocos Islands, a Paradise on Earth proviene da Yamana - Sailing Life.